In Situ Enhanced Source Removal

Welcome

This report provides an assessment of selected technologies for source area remediation.  As used here, a source area is defined as a volume of soil, sediment, or aquifer containing contaminant concentrations in excess of those which are attainable in an aqueous solution of the contaminant mixture. The Enhanced Source Removal Program was conceived and coordinated by the Office of Research and Development's Subsurface Protection and Remediation Division of the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of the US EPA at Ada, Oklahoma and co-directed by Dr. A. Lynn Wood and Dr. Carl G. Enfield. The frame on the left serves as a table of contents. Each item is linked to its own frame which, when selected, will appear at this location. Nine Technologies have been evaluated in the initial phase of this program and the results of this evaluation are reported here. Six of these technologies alter solution phase properties in order to enhance contaminant solubility and/or mobility (co-solvent solubilization, co-solvent mobilization, surfactant solubilization, surfactant mobilization, micro-emulsions, and macromolecular complexation) and the remaining three approaches facilitate the transfer of contaminants from solution to vapor phase and the subsequent removal of the volatilized contaminants (steam, sparging/venting, and in-well aeration).

The work was performed by the U.S. EPA, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and a consortium of Universities and contractors.  Funding for the program was provided by Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), Advanced Applied Technology Demonstration Facility (AATDF), U.S. EPA, and Hill AFB. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development (ORD) partially funded and collaborated in the research described here.  It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for distribution as an EPA document. This document has not been reviewed by the U.S. Air Force (USAF) and, therefore, does not necessarily reflect the views of the USAF and no official endorsement should be inferred.  All research projects making conclusions or recommendations based on environmentally related measurements and funded by the Environmental Protection Agency are required to participate in the Agency Quality Assurance Program.  This project was conducted under an approved Quality Assurance Program Plan.  The procedures specified in the plan were used without exception.  Information on the plan and documentation of the quality assurance activities and results are available from the Principal Investigators. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. With respect to this multimedia document, neither the United States Government, nor any of their (its) employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Most of the images provided with this document are included as hyperlinked files which can be accessed upon demand.  This was done to speed the loading of individual pages.  For further information contact Lynn Wood at 580-436-8552 or Carl Enfield at 513-569-7489.
 

Contributors

US Environmental Protection Agency
Carl G. Enfield, Bart Faulkner, Bob K. Lien, Susan Mravik, James Weaver, A. Lynn Wood
USAF Research Laboratory
Major Jeff Stinson, Major Paul DeVane
USAF Hill AFB
Kevin Bourne, Bob Elliott, Jon Ginn
Clemson University
Ronald Falta
Michigan Technological University
John Gierke, Neil Huxler
University of Arizona
Mark Brusseau
University of Florida
Michael Annable, Wendy Graham, Kirk Hatfield, P. Suresh Rao, R. Dean Rhue
University of Oklahoma
Jeff Harwell, Robert Knox, David Sabatini, Roger Young
Rice University
Philip Bedient
Applied Research Associates
Martin Guildea
Praxis Environmental
Lloyd Stewart
CSIRO (Australia)
Greg Davis